A search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson produced via vector boson fusion has been performed in the 13 TeV dataset collected by CMS in 2015. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.30~fb. A dedicated trigger is used to select events with a jet pair compatible with vector boson fusion production of a Higgs boson, together with missing energy from its invisible decay. The offline selection makes further use of the event topology. Backgrounds arise from and in which the charged lepton is unidentified, and QCD multijet production. Signal and background yields are extracted from a simultaneous fit to the signal region and multiple control regions. Minor backgrounds from diboson and top-quark processes are estimated from Monte-Carlo simulation. The observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of the 125 GeV Higgs boson is found to be 69\% (62\%), assuming the Standard Model production cross section. These upper limits improve to 32\% (26\%) when combined with previous 8 TeV results and a search for Higgs bosons decaying to invisible particles in the channel at 13 TeV.