A search is presented for pairs of light pseudoscalar bosons, in the mass range between 4 and 15~\mathrm{GeV}, produced in decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The decay mode where one light boson decays into leptons, while the other one decays into a pair of leptons or muons, is considered. The search is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13~\mathrm{TeV} and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}. No significant excess of events above the standard model background expectation obtained from control regions in data is observed. The confidence level observed (expected) upper limits on the signal production cross section times branching fraction into the 4 final state, relative to the standard model Higgs boson production cross section are set between 0.022 (0.027) and 0.23 (0.19) in the probed mass range.