This note presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pairs using up to 36.1 fb of proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combination is performed using three analyses searching for the , and decay channels. Results are presented for both non-resonant and resonant Higgs boson pair production modes. The combined observed (expected) limit on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair cross-section is 0.22 pb (0.35 pb) at 95\% confidence level, which corresponds to 6.7 (10.4) times the predicted Standard Model cross-section. The ratio of the Higgs boson self-coupling to its Standard Model expectation is observed (expected) to be constrained at 95\% confidence level to . Exclusion limits are also set on resonant Higgs boson pair production, probing a model with an extended Higgs sector based on two doublets, as well as a Randall--Sundrum bulk graviton model.