A search is conducted for new resonances decaying into a or boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson in the , , and final states, where or , in collisions at TeV. The data used correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2015 and 2016 data-taking periods. The search is conducted by examining the reconstructed invariant or transverse mass distributions of and candidates for evidence of a localised excess in the mass range of 220 GeV up to 5 TeV. No significant excess is observed and the results are interpreted in terms of constraints on the production cross-section times branching fraction of heavy and resonances in heavy-vector-triplet models and the CP-odd scalar boson in two-Higgs-doublet models. Upper limits are placed at the 95 % confidence level and range between pb and pb depending on the model and mass of the resonance.